1. The story of untruth : -- Defining propaganda and misinformation --
The history of "fake news" in America / Karen Yuan and Matt Peterson, The Atlantic --
"Disinformation" is the word of the year- and a sign of what's to come / Geoff Nunerg, NPR --
How Woodrow Wilson's propaganda machine changed American journalism / Christopher B. Daly, The Conversation --
What the pope gets wrong about fake news / Jack Shafer, Politico --
Nineteenth-century nihilists foretold our era / Robert Zaretsky, Foreign Affairs --
A short guide to the history of "fake news" and disinformation / Julie Posetti and Alice Matthews, International Center for Journalists --
2. Our current media environment : --
Fake news, the coronavirus, and the 2020 election
NPR Poll: Majority of Americans believe Trump encourages election interference /
Trump's favorite tabloid worried its Saudi propaganda was as bad as it looked / Bess Levin, Vanity Fair --
CNN vs. Fox: why these two cable networks can't stop talking about each other / Paul Farhi, The Washington Post --
Social media struggles to counter coronavirus misinformation / Emily Birnbaum and Chris Mills Rodrigo, The Hill --
Clinton backer at Facebook debunks Clinton claims / James Freeman, The Wall Street Journal --
The propagandist and the censor / Andrew Stuttaford, National Review --
3. The effects of propaganda : --
The subtle influence of misinformation
Why do people fall for fake news? /
Gordon Pennycook and David Rand, The New York Times --
Why the hysteria around the "fake news epidemic" is a distraction / Cas Mudde, The Guardian --
The myth of the echo chamber / Elizabeth Dubois and Grant Blank, The Conversation --
The real consequences of fake news / Dominik Stecula, The Conversation --
Echo chambers may not be as dangerous as you think, new study finds / Science Daily --
g 4. Big tech and the new AI : --
Sarah Kreps and Miles McCain, Foreign Affairs --
Google's algorithm isn't biased, it's just not human / Noam Cohen, Wired --
Why the fight against disinformation, sham accounts and trolls won't be any easier in 2020 / Alexandre S. Levine, Nancy Scola, Steven Overly and Cristiano Lima, Politico --
The information war is on: are we ready for it? / Renee Diresta, Wired --
Detecting fake news at its source / Adam Conner-Simons, MIT News --
We're fighting fake news AI bots by using more AI: that's a mistake / Samuel Woolley, MIT Technology Review --
How social networks set the limits of what we can say online / Tarleton Gillespie, Wired --
5. Navigating misinformation : --
Society of Professional Journalists --
How to help kids navigate fake news and misinformation online / Joanne Orlando, The Conversation --
A college reading list for the post-truth era / Michael T. Nietzel, Forbes --
10 journalism brands where you find real facts rather than alternative facts / Paul Glader, Forbes --
Fact checkers say these are the best fact-checks they did during this decade / Cristina Tardaguila, The Poynter Institute.