Development of the steam engine and the theory of heat: Vacuum pump

Spring of the air

Denis Papin

Captain Savery

Thomas Newcomen

Latent heat; Joseph Black

James Watt; the separate condenser

Matthew Boulton

Locomotive

Electricity and magnetism: Robert Norman

William Gilbert

Electricity and the vacuum

Stephen Gray

Leyden jar

Benjamin Franklin

Lightning conductor

Coulomb and the law of attraction

Galvani; animal electricity

Volta; the electric battery

Royal institution

Lag in electrical development

Conclusion: Inter-relationships of natural forces

Conservation of energy

Roots of modern physics.

What is physics? -- Separation of the sciences -- Nature of physics -- Human sight -- Muscular sense -- Force -- Hearing -- Touch -- Sensation of temperature -- Social aspects of physics -- Four elements -- Observation of the heavens -- Measurement -- Experiments -- Building of theories -- Modern physics -- Ancient science: Origin of human society -- Weapons -- Fire -- Agricultural revolution -- Balance -- Wheel -- Water mills -- Pneumatics -- Origins of classical science: Calendar -- Greeks -- Eclipses -- Calculation -- Greek science -- Philosophers -- Pythagoras -- Elements -- Greek physics: Atoms -- Tyrants -- Academy -- Aristotle -- Museum -- Archimedes -- Round earth -- Legacy of the classical world -- Medieval physics: Spread of Hellenism -- Islamic science -- Chemistry -- Optics -- Medieval technique -- New horse harness -- Magnetism -- Heliocentric physics: Change in Europe -- Agricultural revolution -- Revolution in astronomy -- Navigation -- Copernican revolution -- Johann Kepler -- Galileo Galilei -- Foundation of dynamics -- Laws of falling bodies -- Galileo and the Inquisition -- Birth of dynamics: Isaac Newton -- Scientific societies -- Calculus -- Inertia -- Dynamics of the solar system -- Principia -- Nature of light and colour: Phenomena of the prism - Velocity of light -- Christian Huygens -- Newton's rings -- Diffraction -- Newton's philosophy --